Epidemiological Landscape of Suicide in San Luis Potosi, Mexico: 2016-2023

Abstract

Introduction: Suicide is considered a global public health problem, with an estimated 700,000 deaths annually due to this cause. To design community prevention programs, it is necessary to understand the structural factors that are related and influence targeted at-risk groups. Objective: This study analyzes the epidemiological landscape of suicide in San Luis Potosí (2016-2023) to identify trends and key factors that guide evidence-based prevention recommendations. Material and Methods: A descriptive, quantitative, ecological time-series study was conducted using databases from 2016 to 2023 for the state of San Luis Potosí on recorded deaths from INEGI (ICD-10 X60-X80) and the National Council for Evaluation on the degree of marginalization. Results: The data reveal a higher incidence in men compared to women (14.1 suicides per 100,000 men vs. 2.6 per 100,000 women). Suicide occurs more frequently among individuals aged 20 to 29, accounting for 30%, and among those without social security coverage (70%). Statistically significant differences (p=0.011) were found when comparing by degree of marginalization, with marginalized communities being more affected, highlighting the influence of the socioeconomic context. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of implementing comprehensive strategies that combine community-based approaches and social support policies to mitigate the effects of suicide on families and communities. These strategies contribute to addressing and preventing this serious public health issue, especially in vulnerable communities with low socioeconomic status.